Marine Composites. Design and Performance/Морские композиты. Дизайн и производительность

Издание на английском языке The marine environment is challenging for traditional engineering materials due to the corrosion of metals or the bio-deterioration of natural materials. Consequently, the use of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites in the seas and oceans has grown in diversity of components, the size of structures and production numbers. Composites consistently demonstrate good performance, with many technologies and developments only realized because of their use. This chapter introduces the book, signposts to the topics covered, and briefly considers some of the recent innovations not otherwise included in the text. This book comprises two distinct sections and many of the topics build on those covered within MAAFRC. In Part one, the focus is on the materials and the processes associated with them. Chapter 1 describes materials selection for marine composites, which leads to Chapter 2, detailing thermoplastic matrices for composites. The ability of composites to withstand hostile environmental conditions are covered in Chapters 3–5. Chapter 6 considers using composites effectively for marine structures, both in terms of acquisition cost and savings due to weight reduction. Whilst manufacturing sandwich structures was described in Chapter 3 of MAAFRC, this book contains a review of core materials for sandwich structures in Chapter 7. Composite manufacturing methods were described in Chapter 2 of MAAFRC and this is developed further in Chapter 8, dealing in particular with the techniques required to infuse large scale structures. Novel materials are discussed, be they smart materials (Chapter 9) or an innovative variation on existing, well known materials (Chapter 10). Part two focuses on specific applications of composites. The marine renewable sector is dealt with specifically in Chapter 11 (foundations for offshore wind turbines) and Chapter 12 (marine renewable devices), complementing Chapter 9 of MAAFRC. Chapter 13 considers the application and modeling of composite propellers, whilst Chapter 14 describes composite marine hoses. Chapter 15 describes large yacht masts, as a complement to MAAFRC Chapter 12 on the use of composites within the yacht rigging market. Finally, the use of composite materials for mooring applications is covered in Chapter 16. Contents Contributors Preface Acknowledgments Part One Materials and process engineering Section A Materials selection, characterization and performance 1 Materials selection for marine composites John Summerscales 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The matrix 1.3 The reinforcement 1.4 The fiber-matrix interface 1.5 Reinforcement forms 1.6 Sandwich structures 1.7 Degradation of marine composites 1.8 Life cycle considerations 1.9 Conclusions Acknowledgments References 2 Thermoplastic matrix composites for marine applications Mael Arhant, Peter Davies 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Material options 2.3 Manufacturing options 2.4 Influence of the marine environment on thermoplastic composites 2.5 Underwater structures 2.6 Repair 2.7 Recycling and environmental impact 2.8 Conclusion References 3 Experimental and theoretical damage assessment in advanced marine composites Phuong Tran, Abdallah Ghazlan, Tu Phan Nguyen, Rebecca Gravina 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Damage to marine structures 3.3 Nondestructive damage detection for maritime composites 3.4 Numerical and theoretical modeling of composite damages 3.5 Conclusions References 4 Durability testing and evaluation of marine composites Oliver Parks, Paul Harper 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Loading and durability requirements 4.3 Material selection 4.4 Current sea water conditioning techniques 4.5 Mechanical testing of saturated specimens 4.6 Defining the limits of accelerated aging techniques 4.7 Modelling of accelerated moisture absorption 4.8 Constituent-level predictive methods 4.9 Summary and future work References 5 Fire performance of maritime composites Quynh Thuy Nguyen, Phuong Tran, Xin Ren, Guomin Zhang, Priyan Mendis 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Advanced polymer composites and design for maritime fire 5.3 Test methods and requirements for fire safety of maritime composites 5.4 Fire reaction of maritime composites 5.5 Structural performance of maritime composite during fire and postfire mechanical performance 5.6 Numerical analysis of naval composite structure performance in fire 5.7 Enhancement of maritime composite structures subjected to fire 5.8 Conclusions References Further reading 6 Effective use of composite marine structures: Reducing weight and acquisition cost Luis F. Sanchez-Heres, Jonas W. Ringsberg, Erland Johnson 6.1 Introduction 6.2 General objective and methodology 6.3 Material safety factors 6.4 Material characterization 6.5 Structural design exploration 6.6 Conclusions References Section B Sandwich structures 7 Core materials for marine sandwich structures Nikhil Gupta, Steven Eric Zeltmann, Dung D. Luong, Mrityunjay Doddamani 7.1 Introduction 7.2 PVC foams 7.3 Syntactic foams 7.4 Summary Acknowledgments References Section C Manufacture 8 Resin infusion for the manufacture of large composite structures Ned Popham 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Physics of resin infusion 8.3 Materials selection and characterization 8.4 Tooling 8.5 Plant equipment, setup, and redundancy 8.6 Infusion prediction, strategy, and setup 8.7 Resin delivery and management 8.8 Manufacturing process 8.9 Process control and preinfusion checks 8.10 Postinfusion management 8.11 Conclusion/summary References Section D Advanced concepts and special systems 9 Smart composite propeller for marine applications H.N. Das, S. Kapuria 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Flow solution 9.3 Deformation of composite propeller 9.4 Modeling of shape memory alloy 9.5 Fluid-structure interaction 9.6 Material failure 9.7 Analysis of different propellers 9.8 Conclusions References Further reading Part Two Naval architecture and design considerations 10 A structural composite for marine boat constructions Alexandre Wahrhaftig, Henrique Ribeiro, Ademar Nogueira 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Basic core materials 10.3 Composite structure concepts 10.4 Economic viability 10.5 Case study: A vessel structural computational design 10.6 Conclusions References Part Three Applications 11 Offshore wind turbines Puyang Zhang 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The load-bearing characteristics of composite bucket foundation 11.3 Model tests on the bearing capacity of composite bucket foundation 11.4 Model tests on the installation of composite bucket foundation 11.5 Conclusions References 12 Marine renewable energy Ramona B. Barber, Michael R. Motley 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Bend-twist deformation coupling 12.3 General turbine design parameters 12.4 Composite-specific design considerations 12.5 Potential performance benefits of composites 12.6 Conclusions References Further reading 13 Propulsion and propellers Y. Hong, X.D. He, G.F. Qiao, R.G. Wang 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The characteristics of composite propeller 13.3 The calculation and evaluation method of composite propeller 13.4 Performances of composite propeller 13.5 Conclusions and future trends References 14 Offloading marine hoses: Computational and experimental analyses Maikson L.P. Tonatto, Pedro Barrionuevo Roese, Volnei Tita, Maria M.C. Forte, Sandro C. Amico 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Types of models 14.3 Offloading hoses: Computational and experimental analyses 14.4 Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References 15 Modern yacht rig design Hasso Hoffmeister 15.1 Introduction 15.2 “Why” is a rig? 15.3 Modern rig configurations 15.4 Selected design considerations 15.5 Why weight savings? 15.6 Material selection 15.7 Rig analysis technologies 15.8 Statics and dynamics 15.9 Rig loads 15.10 Design criteria; safety margins, reserve factors 15.11 Future trends References Further reading 16 Composite materials for mooring applications: Manufacturing, material characterization, and design Eduardo A.W. de Menezes, Lais V. da Silva, Filipe P. Geiger, Rog_erio J. Marczak, Sandro C. Amico 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Design of composite cables 16.3 Mathematical modeling of cables with linearized kinematics 16.4 Manufacturing of composite cables 16.5 Mechanical characterization and aging of composite cables 16.6 Finite element modeling of composite cables 16.7 Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References Index