Fundamentals of Electrical Machines/Основы электрических машин

Издание на английском языке
This book serves as a modern textbook on the fundamentals of electrical machines and transformers, covering their fundamental principles, processes, and designs. It emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of mechanics, electrical engineering, and computer science for engineers, and describes the key terms and principles underlying the operation of electric motors and generators. It offers a systematic approach to studying the subject, emphasizing mathematical modeling, problem solving, and developing technical thinking. It is intended for students and engineers seeking to master basic knowledge and expand their professional horizons in the context of the rapid growth of information technology and electronics.

Contents
Preface
Authors' Biography
Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Electrical Machines and Transformers
1.1. The Role of Electrical Machines and Transformers in the Generation, Use, and Transmission of Electrical Energy
1.1.1. Why Do We Need Electrical Machines and Transformers?
1.1.2. What Exactly Is the Energy and Power Supplied and Converted by Electrical Machines?
1.2. Mechanical and Electrical Components of Electrical Machines
1.3. Mechanics of Rotational Motion
1.4. Fields and Space: Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets
1.5. Constructional Magnetic Pole and Flux Pole
1.6. Design and Operating Principle of Stepper Motors
1.7. Magnetic Flux Poles Moving in a Stationary Magnetic Circuit
1.8. Design and Operating Principle of Synchronous Machines
1.9. Basic Concepts of Direct-Current Circuits
1.9.1. Interpreting Electrical Processes through Mechanical Equivalents
1.9.2. Ideal and Real-World Voltage Sources
1.9.3. Active and Passive Modes of Operation of a Voltage Source
1.10. Description of Processes in Electrical Machines
1.10.1. Generation of an Electromotive Force and a Mechanical Force in a Magnetic Field
1.10.2. Starting the Linear DC Machine as a Motor
1.10.3. The Linear DC Machine as a Motor
1.10.4. The Linear DC Machine as Generator
1.10.5. Necessity of Limiting the Starting Current of a DC Machine
1.10.6. Overview of Energy Conversion Processes in an Electrical Machine
1.11. Design and Operating Principle of Transformers. Conversion of Electrical Energy in an Ideal Transformer
1.11.1. Magnetic Circuits of Transformers
1.11.2. Transformer Windings
Chapter 2. Electromagnetism
2.1. Magnetic Fields and How They Are Produced
2.1.1. The Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire
2.1.2. Magnetic Flux Density Field and Magnetic Flux
2.1.3. Analogy between the Generation Processes of a Magnetic Flux, Electric Current, and Fluid Flow
2.1.4. Suitability of Fields for Electrical Machines and Introducing Them into the Air Gap
2.1.5. Ampere's Law and the Magnetic Field of a Coil
2.1.6. Calculation of Magnetic Circuits
2.1.7. Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Materials
2.2. Voltage Induced by a Time-Varying Magnetic Field
2.2.1. Faraday's Law and Lenz's Law
2.2.2. Self-Induction and Inductance
2.2.3. Inductor as an Energy Storage Component in an Electrical Circuit
2.2.4. Obtaining a Time-Varying Magnetic Flux by Means of a Body Rotating in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field Sinusoidal Voltage and Sinusoidal Current
2.2.5. Phase Vector Diagram or Phasor Diagram
2.2.6. Phase Angle and Phase Shift
Chapter 3. Basic Concepts of Alternating Current Circuits
3.1. Inductance and Capacitance in an AC Circuit: Reactance
3.2. Mixed Resistance in an AC Circuit: Impedance
3.3. AC Power
3.4. Three-Phase Circuits
3.4.1. Star Connection of a Three-Phase System
3.4.2. Delta-Connected Three-Phase System
Chapter 4. Transformers
4.1. Lossless No-Load Operation of a Transformer
4.2. Formation of Primary Current Load Component due to Secondary Current
4.3. Common Applications and Designs of Transformers
4.3.1. Construction of Magnetic Circuits for Transformers
4.3.2. Types of Transformer Windings
4.4. Parameters and Model of a Transformer
4.4.1. Current, Voltage, and Power in the Ideal Transformer
4.4.2. Changing the Impedance with an Ideal Transformer
4.4.3. Calculations for a Circuit Containing an Ideal Transformer
4.5. Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer
4.6. Use of a Per-Unit System
4.7. Transformer Short Circuit and Short-Circuit Test
4.7.1. Why Is It Necessary to Investigate the Short-Circuit Operation of a Transformer?
4.7.2. Conducting a Short-Circuit Test
4.7.3. Use of Data Obtained from a Short-Circuit Test
4.8. Transformer No-Load Test
4.9. Voltage Regulation of Transformer
4.10. Transformer Voltage Adjustment
4.11. Effect of Changes in Load Current on the Operation of a Transformer
4.12. Winding Configurations and Vector Groups of Three-Phase Transformers Parallel Operation of Transformers
4.12.1. Labelling of Connection Terminals, Winding Configurations
4.12.2. Parallel Connection of Transformers. Formation of Equalisation Currents
4.12.3. Concept of Vector Groups
4.12.4. Conditions for the Parallel-Operation of Transformers
4.13. Unbalanced Load in Three-Phase Transformers
4.14. Autotransformers
4.15. Voltage and Current Measuring Transformers
4.16. Transient Responses in Transformers
4.16.1. Energisation of a Transformer
4.16.2. Abrupt Short-Circuits in a Transformer
Chapter 5. Induction Machines
5.1. Design and Operating Principle of Induction Machines
5.2. Electrical Balance Equation for the Stator of an Induction Machine
5.3. Electromotive Force and Current in the Rotor of an Induction Machine
5.4. Equivalent Circuit and Phasor Diagram of an Induction Motor
5.5. Power Balance of an Induction Motor
5.6. Torque of an Induction Motor
5.7. Start-Up of an Induction Motor
5.8. Changing the Rotational Speed of Induction Motors
Chapter 6. Synchronous Machines
6.1. Purpose of Synchronous Machines
6.2. Voltage Balance in a Synchronous Generator
6.3. Torque of a Synchronous Machine
6.4. Types and Features of Synchronous Motors
6.4.1. Conventional Electrically Excited Synchronous Motor
6.4.2. Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors
6.4.3. Synchronous Reluctance Motors
6.4.4. Adjusting the Rotational Speed of Synchronous Motors
6.5. Operation of a Synchronous Generator Alone
6.6. Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generators
6.6.1. Preconditions for Switching to Parallel Operation
6.6.2. Adjusting the Active and Reactive Power of a Synchronous Generator in a Grid
Chapter 7. DC Machines
7.1. Design and Operating Principle of DC Machines
7.2. Operating Modes of a DC Machine
7.3. Adjusting the Rotational Speed of a DC Motor
7.4. AC Servomotor or Brushless DC Motor
Appendix 1: Simple Calculation for Small Transformers
Bibliography
Index