Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea/Океанография Средиземного моря

Издание на английском языке
The book is dedicated to the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea, emphasizing its richness of biodiversity and importance to humanity. She describes how human activity and climate change are putting pressure on this unique sea, which is facing threats such as overfishing, pollution, and invasive species. The Mediterranean Sea is considered as a "laboratory pool" where it is possible to observe the processes taking place in the world's oceans, but at an accelerated pace. The book also covers the history of oceanographic research in the Mediterranean Sea, from the first expeditions in the early 20th century to modern monitoring and surveillance programs such as the COPERNICUS program. It aims to provide readers with a clear and concise understanding of the physical oceanography of the region, including geology, climate, and chemical oceanography, and to serve as a basis for further study of these topics.

Contents
List of contributors
About the editors
Chapter 1 Introduction
Jacopo Chiggiato, Katrin Schroeder, Baptiste Mourre, Elda Miramontes, Piero Lionello, Marta Marcos, Nadia Pinardi, Evan Mason, Marta Alvarez and Fabio Trincardi
1.1 The Mediterranean Sea, a "miniature ocean"
1.2 Book structure and contents
1.3 Learning objectives at a glance
References
Chapter 2 Mediterranean Sea evolution and present-day physiography
Elda Miramontes, Jacques De'verchere, Claudio Pellegrini and Domenico Chiarella
2.1 Origin of the Mediterranean Sea
2.2 Dimensions and seafloor topography
2.3 Sedimentation on continental margins
2.4 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 3 Mediterranean climate: past, present and future
Piero Lionello, Filippo Giorgi, Eelco Rohling and Richard Seager
3.1 General climate and morphological characteristics of the Mediterranean basin
3.2 Instrumental observations, satellites, and reanalyses
3.3 Climate models and their evolution
3.4 Heat and moisture balance at Mediterranean regional scale and relation to surface climate
3.5 The atmospheric circulation of the subtropics and mid-latitudes
3.6 Evolution of Mediterranean climate
References
Chapter 4 The forcings of the Mediterranean Sea and the physical properties of its water masses
Katrin Schroeder, Toste Tanhua, Jacopo Chiggiato, Dimitris Velaoras, Simon A. Josey, Jesus Garcia Lafuente and Manuel Vargas-Ya'nez
4.1 The forcings of the Mediterranean Sea
4.2 The thermohaline properties of the Mediterranean water masses
4.3 Other water mass tracers
References
Chapter 5 Mediterranean Sea level
Marta Marcos, Guy Woppelmann, Francisco M. Calafat, Matteo Vacchi and Angel Amores
5.1 General concepts about sea level
5.2 Techniques for measuring sea level
5.3 Past evolution of Mediterranean Sea level
5.4 Future projections of Mediterranean Sea level
References
Chapter 6 Surface wave and sea surface dynamics in the Mediterranean
Piero Lionello, Gianmaria Sannino and Ivica Vilibic
6.1 General concepts about waves, definitions and phenomenology
6.2 Tides and seiches
6.3 Marine storms and coastal floods in the Mediterranean Sea
6.4 Wind generated waves
6.5 Tsunamis
References
Chapter 7 Dense and deep water formation processes and Mediterranean overturning circulation
Nadia Pinardi, Claude Estournel, Paola Cessi, Romain Escudier and Vladyslav Lyubartsev
7.1 General concepts
7.2 Dense/deep water characteristics and formation rates
7.3 Observations of deep/dense water formation in the Mediterranean Sea
7.4 Theory of dense/deep water formation processes: general concepts
7.5 Numerical modeling of deep/dense water formation
7.6 The Mediterranean overturning circulation: structure and dynamics
7.7 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 8 Fronts, eddies and mesoscale circulation in the Mediterranean Sea
Evan Mason, Barbara Barcelo-Llull, Antonio Sa'nchez-Roma'n, Daniel Rodriguez-Tarry, Eugenio Cutolo, Antoine Delepoulle, Simon Ruiz and Ananda Pascual
8.1 General concepts
8.2 Mediterranean Sea mesoscale variability derived from satellite altimetry
8.3 Eddies, fronts and vertical velocity
8.4 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 9 Recent changes in the Mediterranean Sea
Jacopo Chiggiato, Vincenzo Artale, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Katrin Schroeder, Isabelle Taupier-Letage, Dimitris Velaoras and Manuel Vargas-Yanez
9.1 General concepts about Mediterranean water masses and their circulation
9.2 Changes observed in the Eastern Mediterranean water masses
9.3 Changes observed in the Western Mediterranean water masses
9.4 Long-term trends and climate change
9.5 Impact on the Mediterranean-Atlantic system
References
Chapter 10 Mediterranean observing and forecasting systems
Baptiste Mourre, Emanuela Clementi, Giovanni Coppini, Laurent Coppola, Gerasimos Korres, Antonio Novellino, Enrique Alvarez-Fanjul, Pierre Daniel, George Zodiatis, Katrin Schroeder and Joaquin Tintore'
10.1 The emergence of operational oceanography in the Mediterranean Sea
10.2 The framework for ocean observing and the essential ocean variables
10.3 Observing systems operating in the Mediterranean Sea
10.4 Forecasting the Mediterranean Sea
10.5 Data management and distribution
10.6 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 11 Mediterranean Sea general biogeochemistry
Marta Alvarez, Teresa S. Catala', Giuseppe Civitarese, Laurent Coppola, Abed E.R. Hassoun, Valeria Ibello, Paolo Lazzari, Dominique Lefevre, Diego Macias, Chiara Santinelli and Caroline Ulses
11.1 Dissolved oxygen distribution and ventilation
11.2 Dissolved nutrients: forms, sources, distribution, and dynamics
11.3 Dissolved organic matter: relevance, distribution, and dynamics
11.4 Inorganic carbon chemistry and acidification in the Mediterranean Sea: concepts, particularities, and distribution
11.5 Identifying Mediterranean Sea water masses using biogeochemistry
11.6 Future projections and threats to Mediterranean biogeochemistry
References
Chapter 12 Active geological processes in the Mediterranean Sea
Elda Miramontes, Claudio Pellegrini, Daniele Casalbore and Stephanie Dupre'
12.1 General concepts
12.2 Sedimentary processes from the coast to the deep sea
12.3 Submarine and insular volcanoes
12.4 Cold seeps: diversity, distribution and controls
12.5 Geohazards and ecosystems
References
Chapter 13 The Mediterranean Sea in the Anthropocene
Fabio Trincardi, Fedra Francocci, Claudio Pellegrini, Maurizio Ribera d’Alcala' and Mario Sprovieri
13.1 General concepts
13.2 Reduction of seafloor integrity
13.3 Modification of coastal lithosomes
13.4 Man-made alterations of the Mediterranean hydrological cycle
13.5 The load of human activities in changing Mediterranean biogeochemical dynamics
13.6 Dynamic of pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea
13.7 Plastisphere in the Mediterranean Sea
13.8 Concluding remarks
References
Index