Hydraulic Structures/Гидротехнические сооружения

Издание на английском языке
The book offers a thorough knowledge of the fundamentals of design, including methods for predicting and preventing erosion, and contains examples and practical tasks. Although it is not an exhaustive design guide, the book helps to develop an understanding of key theoretical concepts. Based on a course at the University of the Witwatersrand, it also highlights the importance of constantly updating knowledge in the field of hydraulics and expresses gratitude to the authors who influenced the understanding of the topic. The book is intended for students and practicing engineers in the field of civil engineering and focuses on the theory and design of hydraulic structures such as locks, overflows and drains.

Contents
1 Basic Hydraulic Concepts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Flow Classification
1.3 The Conservation Laws in Hydraulics
1.3.1 Conservation of Mass—The Continuity Equation
1.3.2 Conservation of Energy
1.3.3 Conservation of Momentum
1.4 Steady Uniform Flow and Flow Resistance
1.4.1 The General Resistance Equation
1.4.2 The Chczy Equation
1.4.3 The Darcy-Weisbach Equation
1.4.4 The Manning Equation
1.5 Steady Rapidly Varied Flow
1.5.1 Application of Energy and Momentum Conservation
1.5.2 The Control Concept
1.6 Steady Gradually Varied Flow
1.6.1 The Gradually Varied Flow Equation
1.6.2 Classification of Gradually Varied Profiles
1.6.3 Gradually Varied Flow Computation
Reference
2 Underflow Gates
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Unsubmerged Analysis
2.3 Submerged Analysis
2.4 Hysteretic Behaviour
References.
3 Open Channel Transitions
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Subcritical Flow Transitions
3.3 Supercritical Flow Transitions
3.3.1 Straight Transitions
3.3.2 Curvilinear Transitions
3.3.3 Suppression of Standing Wave Propagation
3.4 Dual Stable States and Hysteresis
References
4 Spillways
4.1 Introduction to Conveyance Structures
4.2 Spillway Structures
4.2.1 The Overflow Spillway
4.2.2 Labyrinth and Piano Key Weirs
4.2.3 The Side-Channel Spillway
4.2.4 The Side Weir
4.2.5 Shaft (Morning Glory) Spillways
4.2.6 Siphon Spillways
4.2.7 Chutes
4.2.8 Stepped Chutes and Spillways
4.3 Cavitation and Aeration on Spillways and Chutes
4.3.1 Cavitation
4.3.2 Aeration
References
5 Culverts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Inlet Control
5.3 Outlet Control
References
6 Energy Dissipation Structures
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Hydraulic Jump
6.2.1 Hydraulic Jump Characteristics
6.2.2 Controlled Hydraulic Jumps
6.3 Standard Stilling Basins
6.4 Other Energy Dissipators
6.4.1 Bucket-Type Dissipators
6.4.2 Impact-Type Dissipators
6.4.3 Baffled Spillways
6.4.4 Stepped Chutes and Spillways
6.4.5 Spillway Splitters
References
7 Flow-Measuring Structures
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Weirs.
7.2.1 Sharp-Crested Weirs
7.2.2 Broad-Crested Weirs
7.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Weirs for Flow
Measurement
7.3 Flumes
7.3.1 Throated (Venturi) Flume
7.3.2 The Parshall Flume
7.3.3 The Cutthroat Flume
7.4 Long-Throated Structures
7.5 Errors and Measuring Ranges
References
8 Intake Structures
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Reservoir Intakes
8.1.2 River Intakes.
8.2 River Intake Design for Sediment Control
8.2.1 Vertical Sediment Distribution
8.2.2 Bed Load Movement Around Bends
8.2.3 Sediment Exclusion Structures
8.3 Pump Sumps and Intakes
8.3.1 Desirable Flow Conditions
8.3.2 Intake and Sump Design
8.3.3 Model Testing for Intakes.
References
9 Scour and Scour Protection
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Theoretical Analysis
9.3 Empirical Approach
9.4 Design Applications
9.4.1 Critical Shear Stress Design
9.4.2 Permissible Velocity Design
9.4.3 Protection of Underlying Material
9.5 Scour Around Bridge Piers
9.5.1 Scour Depth Estimation
9.5.2 Bridge Scour Countermeasures
References
Postscript
Index