Offshore Mooring Chain/Морская швартовная цепь

Издание на английском языке
The book is devoted to the requirements and recommendations for offshore facilities and platforms that must comply with the rules regarding anchor systems and single-point mooring, built after July 1, 2017. It covers the materials, design, manufacture, and testing of anchor chains and accessories used for both temporary and permanent applications in the marine industry. The book covers various types of mooring equipment, including chains, connectors, and special underwater connectors, and highlights the importance of adhering to quality and safety standards. In addition, it discusses the different classes of chains and accessories depending on their strength, as well as the processes required for their approval and production. The book also focuses on the need to document all stages of the production process and quality control in order to ensure the reliability and safety of offshore operations.

Contents
1 General Requirements
1.1 General
1.1.1 Application
1.1.2 Mooring Equipment
1.1.3 Studless Chain
1.1.4 Chafing Chain
1.1.5 Special Subsea Mooring Connectors
1.2 Chain and Accessory Grades
1.2.1 R3, R3S, R4, R4S, and R5
1.2.2 R4S and R5
1.2.3 Approval
1.3 Chain Manufacturer Approval
1.3.1 Approval of Chain Manufacturers
1.3.2 Manufacturing Process Approval
1.3.3 CTOD Tests (Crack Tip Opening Displacement Tests)
1.3.4 Furnace Calibration
1.3.5 R4S and R5 Additional Requirements
1.3.6 Qualification Testing
1.4 Approval of Quality Systems at Chain Manufacturers and Bar Producers
1.4.1 Quality Provision
1.4.2 Procedures for Obtaining Approval
1.4.3 Quality Assurance Certificate
1.4.4 Test Data and Documentation
1.5 Approval of Steel Mills-Rolled Bar and Plate for Chain and Accessories
1.5.1 Bar and Plate Material for Chain and Accessories, Including Pins
1.5.2 Approval Restrictions
1.5.3 Chemical Composition
1.5.4 Heat Treatment Sensitivity Study for Rolled Bars
1.5.5 Strain Aging, Temper Embrittlement, Hydrogen Embrittlement
1.6 Accessory Manufacturer Approval
1.6.1 Approval of Forges and Foundries-Accessories
1.6.2 Approval Restrictions
1.6.3 Forging Reduction Ratio
1.6.4 Chemical Composition
1.6.5 Strain Aging, Temper Embrittlement, Hydrogen Embrittlement
1.6.6 Heat Treatment Sensitivity Study
1.6.7 CTOD Tests (Crack Tip Opening Displacement Tests)
1.6.8 Furnace Calibration
1.6.9 R4S and R5 Additional Requirements
1.6.10 Manufacturing Process Approval
1.6.11 Qualification Testing
1.7 Approval of Quality Systems at Accessory Manufacturers and Steel Producers
1.7.1 Quality Provision
1.7.2 Procedures for Obtaining Approval
1.7.3 Quality Assurance Certificate
1.7.4 Test Data and Documentation
2 Material Requirements for Chain and Accessories
2.1 General
2.2 Rolled Steel Bars
2.2.1 Steel Bar Manufacture
2.2.2 Chemical Composition
2.2.3 Mechanical Tests
2.2.4 Dimensional Tolerances
2.2.5 Non-destructive Examination and Repair
2.2.6 Marking
2.2.7 Heat Treatment of Rolled Bars Intended for Accessory Pins
2.3 Forged Steels
2.3.1 Forged Steel Accessories
2.3.2 Chemical Composition
2.3.3 Heat Treatment
2.3.4 Mechanical Properties
2.3.5 Mechanical Tests
2.3.6 Non-destructive Examination and Repair
2.3.7 Marking
2.4 Cast Steel
2.4.1 Cast Steel Accessories
2.4.2 Chemical Composition
2.4.3 Heat Treatment
2.4.4 Mechanical Properties
2.4.5 Mechanical Tests
2.4.6 Non-destructive Examination and Repair
2.4.7 Marking
2.5 Materials for Studs
3 Design and Manufacture of Chain and Accessories
3.1 General
3.1.1 Design Details
3.1.2 Stud Link Chain
3.1.3 Kenter Shackles
3.1.4 Special Subsea Mooring Connectors
3.1.5 Ancillary Accessory Components
3.2 Chain Cable Manufacturing Process
3.2.1 Joining Shackles and Splice Links
3.3 Chain Cable Manufacturing Process Records
3.3.1 Bar Heating
3.3.2 Flash Welding of Chain Cable
3.3.3 Heat Treatment of Chain Cable
3.4 Mechanical Properties
3.5 Proof and Breaking Test Loads
3.6 Freedom From Defects.
3.7 Dimensions and Dimensional Tolerances
3.7.1 Link Shape and Proportion
3.7.2 Tolerances Applicable to Chain Links
3.8 Stud Link Chain-Welding of Studs
3.8.1 Heat Treatment of Welded Studs
3.8.2 Extent of Stud Weld
3.8.3 Single Weld
3.8.4 Weld Procedure-Studs
3.8.5 Fillet Size
3.8.6 Weld Quality
3.8.7 Stud Weld Inspection
3.9 Connecting Common Links (Splice Links)
3.9.1 Procedure Approval
3.9.2 Adjacent Links to Splice Links
3.9.3 Testing and Inspection
3.9.4 Identification
4 Testing and Inspection of Finished Chain
4.1 General
4.2 Proof and Break Load Tests
4.2.1 Proof Load Test
4.2.2 Break Test Specimens
4.3 Dimensions and Dimensional Tolerances
4.3.1 Individual Link Measurement-After Proof Load
4.3.2 Five-Link Measurement-After Proof Load
4.4 Mechanical Tests on Completed Chain-After Proof Load
4.4.1 Specified Tests
4.4.2 Test Frequency and Properties
4.4.3 Frequency of Crown Impact Tests
4.4.4 Hardness Tests
4.5 Non-destructive Examination-After Proof Load Test
4.5.1 Visual Inspection
4.5.2 Non-destructive Examination-General
4.5.3 Magnetic Particle Inspection (MT)
4.5.4 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
4.6 Retest, Rejection and Repair Criteria
4.6.1 Measurement of Five Links
4.6.2 Replacement of Defective Links
4.6.3 Surface Defects
4.6.4 Volumetric Defects
4.6.5 Geometrical or Tolerance Failure
4.6.6 Break Load Test Failure
4.6.7 Proof Load Test Failure
4.6.8 Tensile Test Failure
4.6.9 Charpy Test Failure
4.7 Marking
4.7.1 Locations for Marking of Chain
4.7.2 Markings
4.7.3 Chain Certificate
4.8 Manufacturer’s Documentation.
5 Testing and Inspection of Accessories
5.1 General
5.1.1 Accessory Manufacturing Process
5.1.2 Accessory Manufacturing Process Records
5.2 Proof and Break Load Tests
5.2.1 Proof Load Test
5.2.2 Break Load Test
5.2.3 Definition of a Batch
5.2.4 Accessories Subjected to Break Test
5.2.5 Over-Designed Accessories
5.3 Dimensions and Dimensional Tolerances
5.3.1 Dimensional Tolerances
5.4 Mechanical Tests
5.4.1 Test Location of Forged Shackles
5.4.2 Test Location of Cast Shackles
5.4.3 Complex Geometry Accessories
5.4.4 Individual Accessories or Small Batches
5.4.5 Definition of a Batch
5.4.6 Test Location of Pins
5.5 Non-destructive Examination-After Proof Load Test
5.5.1 Visual and Surface Examination
5.5.2 Non-destructive Examination-General
5.5.3 Manufacturer’s Statement
5.6 Test Failures
5.7 Marking and Certification
5.7.1 Marking
5.7.2 Certificates
5.8 Documentation
Appendix: Chafing Chain For Single Point Mooring Arrangements