Engineering Satellite-Based Navigation and Timing/Инженерные аспекты навигации и синхронизации, основанные на спутниковых технологиях

Издание на английском языке
The book is devoted to modern satellite navigation systems and their design, as well as signal processing. The author shares his experience, starting with the development of new signals, such as Binary Offset Carrier, and emphasizes the importance of the interaction of system and signaling engineering. It examines international satellite systems such as Galileo, QZSS, BeiDou, and IRNSS, and discusses the challenges and opportunities they present. The author notes the lack of comprehensive resources on modern signals and processing methods, and the book seeks to fill this gap by offering an up-to-date and in-depth understanding of satellite navigation technologies and their development.

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Useful Constants
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
About the Author
1 Introduction
1.1 Satnav Revolution
1.2 Basic Principles of Satnav
1.3 Satnav Attributes
1.4 Book Structure and How to Use This Book
1.5 More to Explore
Reference
Part I System and signal engineering
2. Satellite orbits and constellations
2.1 Kepler’s Laws
2.2 Orbital Deviations from Ideal
2.3 Constellations
2.4 Useful Geometry Calculations
2.5 Summary
Review Questions
References
3. Satnav signals
3.1 Signals, Signal Processing, and Spreading Modulations
3.2 Effects of Doppler and of Ionospheric Propagation
3.3 Satnav Signal Characteristics
3.4 Satnav Signal Structure
3.5 Summary
Review Questions
References
4. Link budgets
4.1 Free-Space Path Loss
4.2 Calculating Maximum and Minimum Specified Received Power in Signal Specifications
4.3 Terrestrial Link Budgets
4.4 Building Penetration and Foliage Losses
4.5 Summary
Review Questions
References
5. Correlator output snr, effective C/N0, and I/S
5.1 Channel Model and Ideal Receiver Processing
5.2 Correlator Output SNR With No Interference
5.3 Correlator Output SNR With Interference: Spectral Separation Coefficients and Processing Gain
5.4 Effective C/N0
5.5 Interference-to-Signal Power Ratios and Effective C/N0
5.6 A Deeper Look at Spectral Separation Coefficients
5.7 Multiple Access Interference and Aggregate Gain of a Constellation
5.8 Summary
Review Questions
References
6. Error sources and error characterization
6.1 Sources of Error in Satnav Positioning and Timing Calculation
6.2 Dilution of Precision and Error Measures
6.3 Positioning Errors for Standalone and Differential Satnav Receivers
6.4 Other Error Sources
6.5 Summary
Review Questions
References
Part II Satnav system descriptions
7. Navstar global positioning system
7.1 GPS History and Plans
7.2 GPS Description
7.3 GPS Signals
7.4 Summary
Review Questions
References
8. Satellite-based augmentation systems
8.1 SBAS History and Plans
8.2 SBAS Description
8.3 SBAS Signals
8.4 Summary
Review Questions
References
9 GLONASS
9.1 GLONASS History and Plans
9.2 GLONASS Description
9.3 GLONASS Signals
9.4 Summary
Review Questions
References
10. Galileo
10.1 Galileo History and Plans
10.2 Galileo Description
10.3 Galileo Signals
10.4 Summary
Review Questions
References
11. Beidou system
11.1 BDS History and Plans
11.2 BDS Description
11.3 BDS Signals
11.4 Summary
Review Questions
References
12. Quasi-zenith satellite system
12.1 QZSS History and Plans
12.2 QZSS Description
12.3 QZSS Signals
12.4 Summary
References
13. Indian regional satellite system
13.1 IRNSS History and Plans
13.2 IRNSS Description
13.3 IRNSS Signals
13.4 Summary
References
Part III Receiver processing
14. Receiver front end
14.1 Front-End Components
14.2 Front-End Noise Figure
14.3 Front-End Architectures and Frequency Plans
14.4 Summary
Review Questions
References
15. Analog-to-digital conversion
15.1 Introduction to Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Automatic Gain Control
15.2 Linear Analog-to-Digital Conversion
15.3 Precorrelator Analog-to-Digital Conversion—The Digitizing Correlator
15.4 Summary
Review Questions
References
16. Acquisition
16.1 Initial Conditions for Acquisition
16.2 Initial Synchronization Basics
16.3 Initial Synchronization Computation
16.4 Initial Synchronization Performance
16.5 Other Aspects of Acquisition
16.6 Summary
Review Questions
References
17. Discrete-update tracking loops
17.1 Discrete-Update Tracking Loop Formulation
17.2 Discrete-Update Tracking Loop Design
17.3 Tracking Loop Characterization
17.4 Summary
References
18. Carrier tracking and data demodulation
18.1 Signal Processing for Carrier Tracking
18.2 Frequency-Locked Loops
18.3 Costas Loops
18.4 Phase-Locked Loops
18.5 Data Message Demodulation
18.6 Summary
Review Questions
References
19. Code tracking
19.1 Signal Processing for Code Tracking
19.2 Discriminators for Code Tracking
19.3 Carrier-Aided Code Tracking
19.4 Code Tracking Performance in White Noise
19.5 Code Tracking Performance in White Noise and Interference
19.6 Ambiguous Code Tracking
19.7 Summary
Appendix 19.A RMS Bandwidth
Review Questions
References
20. Position, velocity, and time calculation
20.1 Forming Measurements
20.2 Reducing Pseudorange Errors
20.3 Standard Point Positioning
20.4 Blending Solutions From Multiple Satnav Systems
20.5 Velocity Calculation
20.6 Working with Disadvantaged Receivers
20.7 Precise Point Positioning
20.8 Integrity Monitoring: Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring and Fault Detection and Exclusion
20.9 Summary
Review Questions
References
Part IV Specialized topics
21. Interference
21.1 Interference Characteristics
21.2 Effects of Interference on Receiver Operation
21.3 Dealing with Interference
21.4 Summary
References
22. Multipath
22.1 Multipath Characteristics
22.2 Multipath Effects
22.3 Multipath Mitigation
22.4 Summary
References
23. Augmentations using differential satnav
23.1 Overview of Differential Satnav
23.2 Code-Based Differential Systems
23.3 Carrier-Based Differential Systems
23.4 Summary
References
24. Assisted satnav
24.1 Reducing IFU and ITU
24.2 Provision of Clock Corrections, Ephemeris, and Data Message Bits
24.3 Block Processing
24.4 Computing Pseudoranges and Position
24.5 Summary
Reference
25. Integrated receiver processing
25.1 Kalman Filter Overview
25.2 Loosely and Tightly Coupled Sensor-Integrated Satnav Processing
25.3 Standalone Vector Tracking
25.4 Ultratightly Coupled Sensor-Integrated Satnav Processing
25.5 Summary
References
A. Theoretical foundations
A.1 Some Useful Functions and Their Properties
A.2 Fourier Transforms
A.3 Signal Theory and Linear Systems Theory
A.4 Stochastic Processes
A.5 Some Results for Keyed Waveforms
A.6 Bandwidth Measures
A.7 Matrices and Matrix Algebra
A.8 Taylor Series and Linearization
A.9 Coordinate System Overview
References
Index