Response to Marine Oil Spills/Реагирование на разливы нефти в море

Издание на английском языке
The book is dedicated to the International Federation of Tanker Owners for Pollution Control (ITOPF) and its role in managing marine pollution incidents. It describes how ITOPF, founded in 1968, provides technical services and support to shipowners and their insurers in the event of a spill of oil, chemicals and other hazardous substances. The book examines the organization's experience in responding to various incidents, including damage assessment, spill response planning, and providing training.
Attention is also focused on the importance of ITOPF in the international marine pollution management system, its financing through membership fees and management structure, as well as on expanding its role in responding to spills originating not only from tankers, but also from other sources of pollution.

Contents
Chapter 1 Sources of Oil in the Marine Environment
1.1 Transportation Losses
1.1.1 Accidental Spills from Tankers
1.1.2 Other Transportation Losses
1.2 Petroleum Exploration and Production Activities
1.3 Petroleum Use
1.4 Natural Seeps and Erosion
Chapter 2 Fate of Marine Oil Spills
2.1 Properties of Oil
2.2 The Weathering Processes
2.3 Persistence of Oil
2.4 Forecasting Slick Movement and Weathering
2.5 Implications for Clean-up and Contingency Planning
Chapters Aerial Surveillance at Sea
3.1 Preparations for Aerial Surveillance
3.2 Observing an Oil Spill from an Aircraft
3.3 Recording and Reporting Aerial Observations
3.4 Quantifying Floating Oil
3.5 Remote Sensing
Chapter 4 Oil on Shorelines
4.1 Types and Sources of Oil Pollution
4.2 Appearance and Persistence of Oil on Shorelines
4.3 Describing and Quantifying Stranded Oil
4.4 Sampling Guidelines
Chapter 5 Environmental Effects of Oil Spills
5.1 Environmental Impacts
5.1.1 Impact of Oil on Specific Marine Organisms and Habitats
5.2 Natural Recovery
5.3 Reinstatement
5.4 Post-Spill Studies
Chapter 6 Economic Effects of Oil Spills
6.1 Fisheries and Mariculture
6.2 Tourism
6.3 Property Damage
6.4 Industry
6.5 Agriculture
6.6 Compensation for Economic Loss
Chapter? Containment and Recovery
7.1 Containment
7.1.1 Boom Design
7.1.2 Boom Characteristics
7.1.3 Boom Failures
7.1.4 Boom Performance
7.1.5 Forces Exerted on Booms
7.1.6 Towed Booms
7.1.7 Moored Booms
7.1.8 Care and Maintenance of Booms
7.1.9 Limitations of Booms
7.1.10 Alternative Containment Systems
7.2 Recovery
7.2.1 Skimmer Mechanisms and Design
7.2.2 Selection of Skimmers
7.2.3 Operating Practices
7.2.4 Performance/Limitations of Skimmers
7.2.5 Maintenance
7.2.6 Other Recovery Methods
7.3 Success of At-Sea Operations
Chapters The Use of Dispersants
8.1 Mechanism of Dispersion and Dispersant Composition
8.2 Limitations of Dispersants
8.3 Other Chemical Treating Agents
8.4 Application Methods
8.4.1 Vessel Spraying
8.4.2 Aerial Spraying
8.4.3 Application Rate
8.5 Monitoring Dispersant Effectiveness
8.6 Logistics and Control
8.6.1 Storage
8.6.2 Using Dispersants on Shorelines
8.7 Environmental Considerations
8.8 Planning for Dispersant Use
Chapter 9 Shoreline Clean-up
9.1 Strategy
9.2 Clean-up Techniques
9.2.1 Rocks, Boulders and Manmade Structures
9.2.2 Cobbles, Pebbles and Shingle
9.2.3 Sand Beaches
9.2.4 Muddy Shores
9.2.5 Corals
9.3 Organisation
9.3.1 Workforce
9.3.2 Volunteers
9.3.3 Equipment Requirements
9.4 Termination of Clean-up
Chapter 10 Disposal of Oil and Oiled Waste
10.1 Contingency Planning
10.2 Nature of Oil and Oiled Material
10.3 Storage and Preparation for Disposal
10.4 Minimisation of Waste
10.5 Recovery of Oils
10.6 Landfill
10.7 Incineration
10.8 Stabilisation
10.9 Land Farming
10.10 Composting
Chapter 11 Contingency Planning
11.1 Scope of Contingency Plans
11.2 Content of Contingency Plans
11.2.1 Risk Assessment
11.2.2 Strategic Policy
11.2.3 Operational Procedures
11.2.4 Information Directory
Chapter 12 Alternative Techniques
12.1 In-situ Burning
12.1.1 Feasibility of Burning
12.1.2 Operational Issues
12.2 Bioremediation
12.2.1 Biostimulation
12.2.2 Bioaugmentation
12.2.3 Limitations of Use
12.2.4 Considerations for Use
12.3 Other Alternative Techniques
12.3.1 Shoreline Cleaning Agents
12.3.2 Herders
12.3.3 Solidifiers
Further Reading
Other ITOPF Publications